Sunday, February 19, 2023

Lithium-ion battery

Lithium-ion battery[edit]

Learning curve of lithium-ion batteries: the price of batteries declined by 97% in three decades.[39][40]

Most electric vehicles use lithium-ion batteries (Li-Ions or LIBs). Lithium ion batteries have higher energy density, longer life span and higher power density than most other practical batteries. Complicating factors include safety, durability, thermal breakdown, its environmental impact and cost. Li-ion batteries should be used within safe temperature and voltage ranges in order to operate safely and efficiently.[41]

Increasing the battery's lifespan decreases effective costs. One technique is to operate a subset of the battery cells at a time and switching these subsets.[42]

In the past, nickel–metal hydride batteries were used in some electric cars, such as those made by General Motors.[43] These battery types are considered outdated due to their tendencies to self-discharge in the heat.[44] Furthermore, a patent for this type of battery was held by Chevron, which created a problem for their widespread development.[45] These factors, coupled with their high cost, has led to lithium-ion batteries leading as the predominant battery for EVs.[46]

The prices of lithium-ion batteries are constantly decreasing, contributing to a reduction in price for electric vehicles.[47]

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