Electric vehicle

This article is about all types of electric vehicle. For electric cars, see Electric car.

Electric vehicles around the world (left to right, from top):

• Electric car, a Nissan Leaf
• Electric, solar-powered aircraft, the Solar Impulse 2, which circumnavigated the globe
• Electric tram, a Wiener Linien ULF-B in Vienna, Austria
• Battery electric bus, a VinBus in Vietnam
• E-bike in Manhattan, New York
• Electric truck, Class 8, a Tesla Semi in Rocklin, California

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Stint [nl] child transport and operator stand

An electric vehicle (EV)^{[note 1]} is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a generator).^[1] EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft. For road vehicles, together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, EVs form a future mobility vision called Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electric (CASE) Mobility. ^[2]

EVs first came into existence in the late 19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. Internal combustion engines were the dominant propulsion method for cars and trucks for about 100 years, but electric power remained commonplace in other vehicle types, such as trains and smaller vehicles of all types.

Government incentives to increase adoption were first introduced in the late 2000s, including in the United States and the European Union, leading to a growing market for the vehicles in the 2010s.^[3][4] Increasing public interest and awareness and structural incentives, such as those being built into the green recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, is expected to greatly increase the electric vehicle market. During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns have reduced

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