Energy resilience

Energy resilience[edit]

Electricity can be produced from a variety of sources; therefore, it gives the greatest degree of energy resilience.^[106]

Energy efficiency[edit]

EV 'tank-to-wheels' efficiency is about a factor of three higher than internal combustion engine vehicles.^[104] Energy is not consumed while the vehicle is stationary, unlike internal combustion engines which consume fuel while idling. However, looking at the well-to-wheel efficiency of EVs, their total emissions, while still lower,^{[clarification needed]} are closer^{[clarification needed]} to an efficient gasoline or diesel in most countries where electricity generation relies on fossil fuels.^[107][108]

Well-to-wheel efficiency of an EV has less to do with the vehicle itself and more to do with the method of electricity production. A particular EV would instantly become twice as efficient if electricity production were switched from fossil fuels to renewable energy, such as wind power, tidal power, solar power, and nuclear power. Thus, when "well-to-wheels" is cited, the discussion is no longer about the vehicle, but rather about the entire energy supply infrastructure – in the case of fossil fuels this should also include energy spent on exploration, mining, refining, and distribution.

The lifecycle analysis of EVs shows that even when powered by the most carbon-intensive electricity in Europe, they emit less greenhouse gases than a conventional diesel vehicle.^[109]

Total cost[edit]

As of 2021 the purchase price of an EV is often more, but the total cost of ownership of an EV varies wildly depending on location^[110] and distance travelled per year:^[111] in parts of the world where fossil fuels are subsidized, lifecycle costs of diesel or gas-powered vehicle are sometimes less than a comparable EV.^[112]

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